思考の整理箱

 slug
　A slug is a bullet.

an expected surge in demand
　If there is a surge in the level or rate of something, or if the level or rate of something surges, there is a sudden large increase in it.
　Akao Aluminum Co. has produced its first batch in four years to meet an expected surge in demand for small change as the consumption tax jumps to 8 percent on Tuesday.

hiatus
　A hiatus is a pause in which nothing happens, or gap where something is missing.
　Supplier of ¥1 coins ends four-year hiatus for Abe’s sales tax hike.

tie the knot
　If you say that two people tie the knot, you mean that they get married.
　Pop icon Elton John says hi will tie the knot with partner.

resemble
　If one thing or person resembles another, they are similar to each other.
　A team from South Korea and the United States has used nano-materials to create a flexible and stretchable adhesive bandage.

epilepsy
　Epilepsy is a brain condition which causes a person to suddenly lose consciousness and sometimes to have fits.
　Methods for monitoring so-called movement disorders such as epilepsy and Parkinson’s disease have traditionally included video recordings or wearable devices.

asylum seeker
　難民
　Asylum seekers arriving in Australia on unauthorized boats will no longer be granted free advice on immigration matters.

arbitrate
　When someone arbitrates between two people who are in dispute, they consider all the facts and decide who is right.
　Filipino officials took their territorial disputes with China to international arbitration in January 2013.

tribunal
　A tribunal is a special court or committee that is appointed to deal with particular problems.
　The Philippines presented evidence to an international tribunal against China’s sweeping territorial claims in the South China Sea.

wrap up
　If you wrap up something such as a job or an agreement, you complete it in a satisfactory way.
　’Waratte Iitomo!’ wraps up after 32 years on air.

plaintiff
　A plaintiff is a person who brings a legal case against someone in a court of law.

quadruple
　If someone quadruples an amount, or if it quadruples, it becomes four times bigger.

autopsy
　An autopsy is an examination of a dead body by a doctor to discover the cause of death.
　A autopsy will be carried out on both men.

cardiac massage
　心臓マッサージ

choked on his diner
　夕食で窒息する
　A man choked on his dinner and was taken to nearby hospital.

detainee
　A detainee is someone who is being held prisoner by a government or being held by the police.
　Two detainees at an immigration center in Ushiku died over the weekend.

whiff
　If there is a whiff of something, there is a faint smell of it.
　Is that a whiff of beer hops?

hoard
　If you hoard things such as food or money, you save or store them, often in secret, because they are valuable or important to you.
　Many people were buying products that they could hoard.

leap
　If you leap, or if you take a leap, you jump high in the air or jump a long distance
　Isetan Mitsukoshi Ltd. saw a huge leap in business on the consumption tax climbs to 8 percent from the current 5 percent.

revoke
　When someone in authority revokes something such as an order, they cancel it.
　Japan shall revoke any existent authorization

disguise
　If you disguise yourself, or if you are in disguise, you alter your appearance so that people will not recognize you.
　The program was a commercial activity disguised as science.

Antarctic
　Antarctic is area around the South Pole.
　The U.N.’s top court ordered Japan to end its anual Antarctic whale hunt.

bubonic plague
　Bubonic plague is a serious infectious disease spread by rats. it killed many people during the Middle Ages.
　The scientist were able to compare the strain of bubonic plague preserved there with that which was recently responsible for killing 60 people in Madagascar.

retrieve
　If you retrieve something, you get it back from the place where you left it.
　from the largest teeth in some of the skulls retrieved from the square

excavate
　To excavate a piece of land means to remove earth carefully from it and look for the remains of objects or buildings, in order to find out about the past.

flea
　A flea is a small jumping insect that sucks human or animal blood.
　The epidemic was caused by a highly contagious strain spread by the fleas on rats.

forensic
　When a forensic analysis is done, objects are examined scientifically in order to discover information about a crime.
　Archaeologist and forensic scientist who have examined 25 skeletons unearthed in the Clerkenwell area  of central London a year ago believe they have uncovered the truth about the nature of the Black Death that ravaged Britain and Europe in the mid-14th century.

airborne
　Airborne means flying in the air or coming from the air.
　U.K. outbreak in 14th century was airborne, scientist say.

sttifen
　If your muscles or joints stiffen, or if they stiffen up, they become difficult to bend or move.
　A bad aortic valve can stiffen and narrow with age.

artery
　Your arteries are the tubes that carry blood from your heart to the rest of your body.
　Survival rates were better one year later for people who had new valve placed through a tube into an artery instead.

aortic valve
　大動脈弁
　A new study gives a big boost to fixing a bad aortic valve, the heart’s main gate, without open-heart surgery.

voluptuous
　If you describe a woman as voluptuous, you mean that she has large breasts and hips and it¥s considered attractive in a sexual way.
　In Brazil, the land of minibikinis and voluptuous Carnival dancers, most people say a woman who shows off her body deserves to raped.

czar
　A particular king of tsar is a person who has been appointed by the government to deal with a particular problem that is affecting the country
　Uruguay’s drug czar says every legal marijuana plant in Uruguay will be registered and tracked using radio frequency tags.

falsify
　If someone falsifies a written record, they change it in a misleading way or add untrue details to it in order to deceive people.
　Italy’s financial police found falsified passports and other documents in their hotel rooms.

apprehend
　If the police apprehend someone, they catch them and arrest them.
　Vatican police on Saturday apprehended an American and a Dutchman trying to deposit billions of euros and dollars in fake bonds at the Vatican bank.

accomplishment
　Your accomplishments are the things you have achieved or the things that you do well
　The accomplishment is an advance toward linking the neurons that fire when people make specific movements.

larvae
　幼虫、幼生
　New research has identified the brain neurons responsible for every behaviour that fruit fly larvae exhibit.

atlas
　An atlas is a book of maps.
　First full atlas made of a fly brain

ferment
　If a food or drink ferments, or if it is fermented, a chemical change takes place in it so that alcohol is produced.
　Soy sauce usually contains a small amount of alcohol as it is made though the fermentation of soy beans via rice malt.

amphibious
　Am amphibious military operation, army and navy forces attack a place from the sea
　The new amphibious force being formed by the Self-Defense Forces will likely be based in Sasebo.

comprise
　If something comprises or is comprised of a number of things or people, it has them as its parts or members.
　The Aussie program’s tour in Japan will comprise 30 exhibits that let participants play and learn by using ropes and balls and educational shows in which staff reveal the fun of science though live performances.

lodge
　If you lodge a complaint, you formally make it.
　The government’s top spokesman on Sunday said the Foreign Ministry has lodged a protest with China over President Xi JinPing’s remarks on the number of Chinese killed by the Imperial Japanese Army during the Nanjing Massacre in 1937.

stem
　If a condition or problem stems from something, that is what originally caused it.
　Xi also said more than 35million Chinese were eventually killed or injured as Japa waged a war of aggression stemming from its militarism.

bankruptcy administrator
　破産管財人

impeding
　An impeding event is one that is going to happen very soon.

inflict
　To inflict something unpleasant on someone or something means to make them suffer it.
　More than 10 glass-plate negatives of photos taken by an amateur photographer showing damage inflicted on a town in Iwate Prefecture by devastating earthquake and tsunami 118 years ago were discovered.

deity
　A deity is a god or goddess
　To transfer shrine deity to a new building.

exempt
　If you are exempt from a rule or duty, you do not have to obey it or perform it.
　Other measures include a one-time cash handout of ¥10,000 to every membr of a household currently exempt from residential taxes.

retraction
　If you retract something that you have said or written, you say publicly that you did not mean it.
　Wakayama, who was the first co-author of the papers to call publicly for their retraction.

scrutiny
　If something is under scrutiny, it is being studied or observed very carefully.
litany
　If you describe what someone says as a litany of things, you mean that you have heard it many times before, and you think it is boring or insincere.
dissertation
　A dissertation is a long formal piece of writing, especially for a university degree.
　The paper, which appeared in the journal Nature in late January, have come under scrutiny due to a litany of problems, including images resembling those used in Obokata’s doctoral dissertation in 2011.

groundbreaking
　you use groundbreaking to describe things which you think are significant because they provide new and positive ideas, and influence the way people think about things.
　The Japanese researcher and lead author of two recent papers on groundbreaking stem cell research that have been called into question gave a co-author stem cell produced from mice of different genetic lines than originally asked for.

drench
　To drench something or someone means to make them completely wet.
　Tatsuta’s story brings to life everyday details – how gloves get drenched with sweat, or how annoyingly itchy a nose can get behind mask.

wreck
　To wreck something means to completely destroy or ruin it.
　No one who works at Tepco’s wrecked nuclear plant.

devastating
　You describe something as devastating when it is very damaging or upsetting.
　Fishery and tourism would suffer devastating damage.

the tip of iceberg
　If you say that a problem is the tip of the iceberg, you mean that it is one small part of a much larger problem

southern tip
　The tip of something long and narrow is the end of it
　Located at the southern tip of Hokkaido

assembly
　An assembly is a group of people gathered together for a particular purpose.
　Hakodate assembly OKs lawsuit against nuclear power plant

strained
　If someone’s appearance, voice, or behaviour is  strained, they seem worried and nervous.
　Japan and South Korea have yet to find a clear path to fully improve their strained ties.

semblance
　If there is a semblance of a particular condition or quality, it appears to exist, through in fact it may not.
　Japan and South Korea  successfully created the semblance of an alliance in a US-borokerd trilateral summit in The Hague.

sign with …
　…と契約を交わす
　Masahiro Tanaka, who signed with New York Yankees.

deregulation
　Deregulation is the removal of controls and restrictions in a particular area of business or trade.
　He said bold deregulation is needed to revive.

economic stimulus packages
　景気刺激策

soured relation
　気まずい関係、ぎくしゃくした関係
　Despite the soured relations between Tokyo and Beijing, wealthy Chinese customers flocked to Japan’s departments stores building.

exempt
　If you are exempt from a rule or duty, you do not have to obey it or perfom it

ultraloose monetary easing policy
　異次元金融緩和

envoy
　An envoy is a diplomat sent to a foreign country.
　The top U.N. envoy there said Monday.

cessation
　The cessation of something is the stopping of it.
　Regulations should prohibit advertising claiming or suggesting that e-cigarettes are effective smoking cessation devices until claims are supported by scientific evidence.

reinforcement
　If something reinforces something such as a feeling, process, or belief, it makes it stronger.

presume
　If yo presume that something is the case, you think that it is the case, although you are not certain.
　The missing person is presumed dead.

trove
　If you describe something or someone as a treasure trove of a particular thing, you mean that they are a very good or rich source of that thing.

reluctant
　If you are reluctant to do something, you do not really want to do it.

tempt
　 Something that tempts you attracts you and makes you want it, even it may be wrong or harmful

　Ban’s comments suggested concern that events in Ukraine could make some countries more reluctant to give up any nuclear weapons capabilities, or tempt others to pursue them.

arsenal
　An arsenal is a large collection of weapons and military equipment.
　Ukraine gave up its Soviet-era nuclear arsenal under the 1994 Budapest Memorandum.

pact
　A pact is a formal agreement between tow or more people, organizations, or governments.
　U.N.’s Ban says Russia’s seizure of Crimea could affect 1970 pact.

jeopardize
　If someone or something jeopardize a situation or activity, they do something that may destroy it or cause it to fall.

petition
　A petition is a document signed by a lot of people which asks for some official action to be taken.

plague
　A plague is an infectious disease that spread quickly and kills large numbers of people.
　The plant has been plagued by various problems linked to management of the toxic water.

stringent
　Stringent laws, rules, or conditions are severe or are strictly controlled
　Tepco said in February that it will set stringent safety criteria.

the water meets certain decontamination standard
　その水は除染の一定の基準を満たしている

pledge
　When someone pledges to do something, or when they make a pledge to do it, they promise solemnly that they will do it or provide it.

deter
　To deter someone from doing something means to make them not want to do it.

　Prime Minister Sinzo Abe pledged Monday to strengthen measures to ensure the safe management of nuclear materials and facilities to deter nuclear terrorism.

standard practice
　The use of feeding tubes at the end of life, which isn’t standard practice in the Western world, is common in Japan.

reimbursement
　If you reimburse someone for something, you pay them back the money that they have spent or lost because of it.
　The Health, Labor and Welfare Ministry also plans to boost reimbursements to institutions that check swallowing ability and encourage rehabilitation to help the bedridden eat naturally.

curtail
　If you curtail something, you reduce or restrict it.
　The government is trying to curtail growth of a ¥38.5 trillion annual health bill by releasing patients from hospitals sooner.

insertion
　The government is planning to cut payouts on insertions in  new patients and encourage home care.

bedridden elderly people
　For the first time, Japan is trying to hold down the number of bedridden elderly people kept alive, sometimes for years, by feeding tubes.

wrangle
　 If two people are wrangling over something, or if they are involved in a wrangle over it, they are arguing angrily for a long time about it.
　diplomatic wrangles over how to make the occasion.

inflammation
　An inflammation is a swelling in your body that results from a infection or injury.
　Scientists also suspect air pollution may be to blame for inflammation in the heart.

irritation
　Irritation is a feeling of annoyance. Irritation is that keeps annoying you.
　One of the main risks of pollution is that tiny particles can get deep into the lungs, causing irritation.

timber/lumber
　 Timber is wood used for building houses and making furniture.
　A remarkable curved roof made of timber

card-board paper tube
　段ボール

extensive humanitarian efforts
　多大なる人道的努力

top government spokesman
　官房長官

get the boot …
　If you get the boot, you are forced to leave your job.
　Russia is booted from G-8 over Crimea grab.
　Group of Eight booted Russia off the membership list.